The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, Explained

The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion is the most famous tool in the expat tax toolbox — and the most misunderstood. Used well, it wipes a six-figure salary off your US return. Used carelessly, it can lock you into the wrong strategy for years.

What the FEIE Actually Excludes

For the 2025 tax year, each qualifying person can exclude up to $130,000 of foreign earned income — the figure adjusts for inflation every year. “Earned” is the operative word: salaries, wages, self-employment income, bonuses, and commissions earned while working abroad qualify. Investment income, dividends, interest, capital gains, rental income, pensions, and Social Security do not — those need other tools, usually the Foreign Tax Credit.

Married couples who both work abroad can each claim their own exclusion — over $260,000 of combined salary protection.

The Two Qualifying Tests

• Physical Presence Test: you were outside the US for at least 330 full days in any rolling 12-month period. Simple, mechanical, and the usual route in your first year abroad. Travel days over international waters count against you — the counting is stricter than people expect.
• Bona Fide Residence Test: you’ve been a genuine resident of a foreign country for a full calendar year, with a settled life there — home, ties, intent to stay. More flexible for travel back to the US once established.

The Housing Exclusion Bonus

On top of the FEIE, the Foreign Housing Exclusion lets you exclude a portion of housing costs (rent, utilities, but not mortgage principal) above a base amount — with higher caps in expensive cities like London, Paris, and Zurich. For renters in high-cost locations it can add tens of thousands to the total exclusion.

When the FEIE Is the Wrong Choice

In high-tax countries (most of Western Europe), the Foreign Tax Credit often beats the FEIE: it can cover all income types, generates carryover credits for future years, and keeps your US “taxable income” on paper — which matters if you want to contribute to an IRA or claim the refundable Child Tax Credit. Families with children frequently do better skipping the FEIE entirely.

Disclaimer: This article is general information, not tax, legal, or financial advice. Rules and thresholds change annually — confirm current figures with official sources or a qualified professional. eTaxNexus is a digital brand of Mega Commercial Enterprises Limited, registered in Ireland, Company Number 726999.